Description: The impact of bond default risk on retirement benefit obligations describes how the probability default on a bond is similar to the probability of death for an annuitant. Bonds are used to cash flow match retirement obligations cash flows to funding from bond. Just as the probability of non-payment happens on the liability side, we can do the same with selected bonds. The end result may be an adjustment to the discount rates used.

Description: This paper aims to help financial and insurance practitioners better recognize, assess, and respond to large scale, large impact, rare events (LSLIRE’s) which are occurrences currently often wrongly labeled as being unpredictable black swans. A black swan, as Nassim Taleb defines it in his popular book, The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable, Random House & Penguin (2007-2010 2nd. Ed.) is 1) an outlier event, which 2) carries extreme impact, and 3) “makes us concoct explanations for its occurrence after the fact.” Elsewhere, Taleb says it is unpredictable, which is why people concoct explanations. Other people use the term in many and various ways, to enfold events missed by most people because they are rare, missed by computer models and/or experts, and to include events they simply seem personally to have misunderstood. The paper also discusses building better ways to assess such events’ background characteristics, emergence dynamics, logics, and other foreseeable attributes. A secondary focus is educating practitioners to better respond - whether to limit damage or to take advantage of - the opportunities that arise from what others are likely to miss or misjudge during and after the emergence of LSLIRE (AKA black swan) events.

Description: Discussion of the sensitivity of GAAP reserves to certain assumptions made and methodologies used. Followed by a discussion paper

Description: On the Fair Value of Business Acquired part I of II by Joe Koltisko from The Financial Reporter, September 2001, Issue No. 47.

Description: The report begins with Tan's paper Source-of-Earnings Analysis under FAS97 Universal Life Accounting that defines a procedure for analyzing the sources of profit. This paper extends the analysis to consider the effect of actual experience varying from expected and the effect of those variances on assumptions for the future. Also the paper illustrates examples of the effect of changing future assumptions or unlocking on the magnitude and incidence of profits and amortization. A discussion of the paper follows. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1990, Vol. 42.

Description: This presentation is a Teaching Session, number 31TS, from the 2002 Valuation Actuary Symposium, held September 19-20 in Lake Buena Vista, FL. The instructors discuss the practical aspects of implementing the draft American Institute of Certified Public Accountants [AICPA] Statement of Position [SOP] regarding nontraditional long-duration contracts. Specific items include separate account reporting, valuation of products with multiple account values, valuation of death/other insurance benefit under universal life-type contracts, and sales inducements.

Description: There is often a disconnect between the way products are priced IRR and embedded value methods and the way business performance is measured once it is already on the books GAAP and GAAP ROE. This article discusses the theoretical reasons for this disconnect and how an accounting system could be developed to eliminate the disconnect and thereby align investor and management expectations with the financial reporting system.

Description: This dialogue discusses the history and purpose of section 811(a) and its historic role in the computation of life insurance company taxable income and, in particular, reserves.

Description: Review of modeling of impact of proposed GAAP changes and commentary on preparedness based on company survey.

Description: This presentation is from session number 4, presented at the 1999 Valuation Actuary Symposium, held September 23-24 in Los Angeles. Noting that under U.S. GAAP, setting assumptions and accounting practices can have a significant impact on the earnings process [i.e., actual results, sources of earnings, and the earnings analysis process], the panelists address options available to the actuary for setting assumptions and defining practices for specific product types [both FAS60 and FAS97], the advantages, disadvantages, and practical considerations associated with each approach, and specific examples of the effect of the different approaches on earnings. Discussion from participants is included.